sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-based); Color: tan, reddish-brown, buff; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (if quartz-based)
- Color
- tan, reddish-brown, buff
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-based); Color: tan, reddish-brown, buff; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building material and paving stone, in glass manufacturing if pure quartz, and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous geological formations like the Grand Canyon or Petra in Jordan are composed predominantly of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions worldwide.
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