sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with iron oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brownish-tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. This specific specimen shows signs of iron oxide staining and weathering over thousands to millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction (building stone/flagstone), as an abrasive in glass making, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona and the Grand Canyon are composed primarily of various types of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in outcrops, riverbeds, and quarries. For collectors, look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.
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