sedimentary

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (Fe2O3 enriched)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Red, brown, yellow, and tan banding; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Red, brown, yellow, and tan banding
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified May 3, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Red, brown, yellow, and tan banding; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in marine or terrestrial environments. The red/orange banding is caused by the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals (hematite or limonite) through groundwater movement.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a construction material (building stone), as an abrasive in grinding, and in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics.

Geological facts

The banding seen in specimens like this is often referred to as Liesegang rings/bands, which form when fluid saturation cycles through porous rock. Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible horizontal or undulating color layers. Frequently found in desert regions, canyons, and river basins worldwide, notably the Southwestern USA.