sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic granular texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic granular texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This specimen is a 'river cobble,' meaning it has been mechanically weathered and rounded by water transport over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material (brownstone), in abrasive manufacturing, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater. Small rounded specimens are often used in landscaping or decorative gravel.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The rounded shape indicates significant travel distance from its parent outcrop, suggesting it was once part of a high-energy river or beach environment.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, lake shores, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding (Liesegang rings) or fossil inclusions within the layers.
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