sedimentary
Sandstone (specifically Red Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, granular texture similar to sandpaper; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or ochre
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, granular texture similar to sandpaper; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clastic) in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Red coloration usually indicates iron oxide (hematite) cementation.
Uses & applications
Used extensively as a building material, in paving, for making grindstones, as a reservoir for oil and water, and in glass manufacturing if pure enough.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona, Arizona, and the structures of Petra, Jordan, are carved from sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture that feels like sandpaper to the touch; look for visible layering or bedding planes. Common in arid regions and coastal areas worldwide.
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