sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or gray
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years in marine or terrestrial environments.
Uses & applications
Widely used in the construction of buildings, monuments, and paving. Also used as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of the sedimentary rock in the Earth's crust. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks from ancient river beds or oceans.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in desert regions, canyons, and coastal cliffs.
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