sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based typically)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (usually quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, yellow, or grey
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (usually quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size. Primarily formed in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years (clastic sedimentation).

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for flagstone, paving, and load-bearing walls. Historically used for grindstones and sculpture. Important reservoir rock for water and oil.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks. The famous Red Rocks Amphitheatre and the buildings of Petra, Jordan, are carved from or made of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, abrasive feel (like sandpaper). It is common in basin areas and around plateaus. Look for visible grain sorting and occasional fossil inclusions.