sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based with quartz grains)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. This specimen appears to be water-worn, likely from a river or beach environment, where lithification occurred over millions of years (often Mesozoic or Paleozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (flagstone), as an abrasive in industrial manufacturing, or as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'Coconino Sandstone' in the Grand Canyon is one of the more famous geological massive formations of this rock type.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-thick texture. It will easily scratch glass if it is quartz-rich. Common in desert basins, riverbeds, and ancient marine coastlines.
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