sedimentary

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (Fe2O3 rich)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or orange
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 6, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The brownish color indicates iron oxide (hematite or limonite) acting as a cementing agent and staining the grains.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in construction as a building material, decorative stone for landscaping, and occasionally as a source for silica in glass manufacturing if pure enough.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The presence of iron indicates the environment of deposition was likely oxygen-rich, such as a riverbed or desert.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and coastal bluffs.