sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, grey, brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: tan, grey, brown
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified March 31, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, grey, brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. These grains are cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean beach environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building material, paving stones, and for manufacturing glass (if high silica content). Historically significant for cathedral and monument architecture.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the ancient city of Petra are primarily composed of various types of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It often shows visible bedding planes (layers). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for 'picture sandstone' which features landscape-like patterns caused by iron oxides.