mineral

Garnet

Garnet group [X3Y2(SiO4)3]

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs), Color: Dark red to brownish-red, Luster: Vitreous to resinous, Crystal system: Isometric (dodecahedral), Cleavage: None (indistinct), Specific gravity: 3.1-4.3

Hardness: 6

Identified July 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs), Color: Dark red to brownish-red, Luster: Vitreous to resinous, Crystal system: Isometric (dodecahedral), Cleavage: None (indistinct), Specific gravity: 3.1-4.3

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss through regional metamorphism. High temperature and pressure cause minerals to recrystallize into garnet structures. Found globally in terrains ranging from Precambrian to recent.

Uses & applications

Used as an abrasive in sandpaper and waterjet cutting, as a gemstone in jewelry (ring settings and beads), and as a filtering medium in water purification.

Geological facts

Garnet is the official birthstone for January. While most famous for being red, garnets can actually be found in almost every color, including green (Tsavorite) and orange (Spessartite).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct dodecahedral crystal shape, high hardness (scratches glass), and Lack of cleavage. Commonly found in stream beds as rounded grains or embedded in micaceous schists.