sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8. Feels gritty like sandpaper.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or gray
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8. Feels gritty like sandpaper.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or ocean environments. Most common specimens range from 1 million to over 300 million years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. It also serves as a critical reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (bedding). It is found globally, especially in arid regions or ancient riverbeds. For collectors, look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.
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