sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Texture: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (variable based on cement); Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown (influenced by iron oxide); Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Bedded or massive; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (variable based on cement)
Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown (influenced by iron oxide)
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified January 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed via the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, principally quartz and feldspar, through erosion and deposition in marine, river, or desert environments, followed by lithification and cementation.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, paving material, and decorative stone in construction; also used for glass manufacturing in its high-purity silica form and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it a critical aquifer for storing groundwater and a primary trap for hydrocarbons.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains; often shows layering (bedding). Found commonly in canyons, plateaus, and coastal cliffs worldwide. Collectors value specimens with unique cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.