igneous
Granite (Fine-grained)
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Salt and pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Granular/Phaneritic; Cleavage: None (individual minerals have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Salt and pepper (white, grey, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Salt and pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Granular/Phaneritic; Cleavage: None (individual minerals have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep underground (plutonic). This process allows crystals to grow large enough to be seen. Geological age varies globally from Archean to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its speckled 'salt and pepper' appearance and interlocking mineral grains. It is one of the most common rocks found in mountainous regions or glacially deposited areas.
