igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Pink, gray, white, and black mottled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Indistinct (fractures unevenly); Density: 2.63 to 2.75 g/cm³.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Pink, gray, white, and black mottled
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Pink, gray, white, and black mottled; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Indistinct (fractures unevenly); Density: 2.63 to 2.75 g/cm³.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow subterranean cooling and crystallization of silica-rich magma (felsic) within the Earth's crust. It can date from the Archean Eon to the Cenozoic Era, often forming the core of mountain ranges.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments. It is valued in industry as crushed stone for road base and concrete aggregate due to its durability.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continental crust. It makes up much of the foundation of the continents and famous landmarks like Yosemite's Half Dome and Mount Rushmore.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance (mixed light and dark crystals), visible grains (phaneritic texture), and extreme hardness. Commonly found in shield areas and mountain belts worldwide.
