igneous
Granite
Granite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, black); Luster: Phaneritic (visible crystals), dull to vitreous; Structure: Massive, granular; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, black)
- Luster
- Phaneritic (visible crystals), dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, gray, black); Luster: Phaneritic (visible crystals), dull to vitreous; Structure: Massive, granular; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological age can range from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones, which is why it has been used since ancient Egypt for monuments like the Great Pyramid's King's Chamber.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture where minerals like clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, and black biotite mica are visible to the naked eye. Commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields.
