igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs Scale); Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, pink, black); Lustre: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (large visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs Scale)
- Color
- Salt and pepper (white, gray, pink, black)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs Scale); Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, pink, black); Lustre: Dull to vitreous; Structure: Phaneritic (large visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological ages vary from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base and concrete aggregate.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for visible crystals of different colors (clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, dark mica/amphibole). Common in mountainous regions and glacial deposits.
