igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, and black mottled appearance; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, white, and black mottled appearance
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, and black mottled appearance; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite dates from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras, typically forming in continental arcs or during mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for a 'salt and pepper' appearance with crystals that are large enough to see with the naked eye. Commonly found in mountainous regions or shield areas like the Canadian Shield. For collectors, look for unique mineral inclusions or large pegmatite crystals.
