igneous
Granite
Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Dependent on mineral constituents; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Dependent on mineral constituents; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface at high pressure and temperature. Most granite dates back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest substances in the world, second only to diamonds. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore are carved from granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields globally. Smaller specimens are ubiquitous in gravel or rocky outcrops.
