igneous
Granite
Granite (consisting mainly of Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, gray, or white; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (granular); Cleavage: poor/irregular; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled pink, gray, or white
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, gray, or white; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: phaneritic (granular); Cleavage: poor/irregular; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granite dates from the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras, though it forms continuously in continental crust environments.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road base and aggregate.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones, which is why it has been used in ancient structures like the Egyptian Pyramids and Roman temples.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking granular texture where individual mineral grains are visible to the naked eye. Look for a combination of glassy quartz and opaque white/pink feldspar. Commonly found in mountainous regions or exposed batholiths.
