igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: salt-and-pepper appearance with gray, white, and black grains; Luster: dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained); Composition: primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica/Amphiboles; Cleavage: none (rock breaks irregularly).
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: salt-and-pepper appearance with gray, white, and black grains; Luster: dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained); Composition: primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica/Amphiboles; Cleavage: none (rock breaks irregularly).
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is an intrusive rock that can form over millions of years at great depths within the crust, often associated with continental crust and mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as crushed aggregate for road base.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest and most durable common rocks. Elements like the Statue of Liberty's pedestal and the Egyptian Pyramids contain granite. It is the signature rock of the continental crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking visible grains of different colors (salt and pepper look) and its high hardness (doesn't scratch with steel). It is commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields globally.
