igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6-7. Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals). Composition: Quartz, Potassium Feldspar (pink), and Plagioclase, with Biotite mica.
- Color
- Pink, white, gray, and black speckles
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6-7. Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals). Composition: Quartz, Potassium Feldspar (pink), and Plagioclase, with Biotite mica.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). The pink color indicates a high concentration of potassium feldspar. It can be found in continental crust across all geological ages.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common rock found in the Earth's continental crust. It is the rock that makes up famous landmarks like Yosemite's Half Dome and Mount Rushmore.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' or multicrystalline appearance with no layering. It is found in mountain ranges and shields. Collectors look for unique color variations or large crystal sizes (pegmatites).
