igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (primarily SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (visible coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: none (irregular fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (visible coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: none (irregular fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Geological age varies widely from Archean to recent, depending on the specific pluton.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is one of the hardest and most durable common stones on the planet.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and interlocking visible crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Found globally in mountainous regions and exposed shields. Collectors look for unique vein patterns or large phenocrysts (porphyritic texture).
