igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically pink, gray, or reddish due to potassium feldspar; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained/visible crystals); Cleavage: Distinctive feldspar cleavage planes.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Typically pink, gray, or reddish due to potassium feldspar
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically pink, gray, or reddish due to potassium feldspar; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained/visible crystals); Cleavage: Distinctive feldspar cleavage planes.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Composed primarily of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica and amphiboles. It can range in age from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and oldest rocks found on Earth, with some specimens dating back over 3 billion years.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' or mottled appearance and the presence of visible interlocking crystals. Common in mountain ranges and continental shields. Collectors look for unique color variations or large phenocrysts (porphyritic texture).
