igneous
Granite
Granite (phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, and black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, and black)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, and black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma below the Earth's surface. Found in continental crust within mountain belts and batholiths. Ages range from Pre-Cambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and curbing due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common rock found on the Earth's continental crust and is unique to Earth among the planets in our solar system. The base of the Great Pyramid of Giza is partially lined with granite blocks.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' appearance of light (quartz/feldspar) and dark (biotite/amphibole) minerals. Commonly found in mountainous regions or quarries. Very hard; cannot be easily scratched by a steel knife.
