igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic igneous rock (mostly SiO2 and Al2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: white/gray/pink/black, Luster: vitreous to pearly, Crystal structure: phaneritic (large visible interlocked crystals), Cleavage: absent in the rock (though constituent feldspar has it), Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs), Color: white/gray/pink/black, Luster: vitreous to pearly, Crystal structure: phaneritic (large visible interlocked crystals), Cleavage: absent in the rock (though constituent feldspar has it), Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Found in continental crust, often in mountain ranges or ancient cratons across all geological eras.
Uses & applications
Construction, infrastructure, countertops, flooring, monuments, and decorative gravel. High commercial value due to durability.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest and most common substances in the world. Many of the world's most famous mountain peaks, like El Capitan in Yosemite, are composed of massive granite monoliths.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Commonly found in gravel pits, mountain outcrops, and as landscaping stones.
