igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, black, sometimes pink); Luster: Phaneritic (crystalline); Structure: Massive, granular; Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, black, sometimes pink)
- Luster
- Phaneritic (crystalline)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (gray, white, black, sometimes pink); Luster: Phaneritic (crystalline); Structure: Massive, granular; Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock that cools over thousands of years, allowing large crystals to form. Found in continental crust throughout all geological eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith, and it is one of the hardest natural stones used by humans.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is commonly found in mountain ranges andবরা (cratons). For collectors, look for unique mineral inclusions like tourmaline or large feldspar phenocrysts.
