igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6–7 Mohs; Color: Pink, light gray, or white; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Variable based on mineral grains; Specific gravity: 2.63–2.75
- Hardness
- 6–7 Mohs
- Color
- Pink, light gray, or white
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6–7 Mohs; Color: Pink, light gray, or white; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Variable based on mineral grains; Specific gravity: 2.63–2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). It is predominantly Pre-Cambrian to Cretaceous in age and forms the bulk of the continental crust.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, stair treads, and monument building because of its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock on Earth's surface. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking, visible grains of different colors (usually pinkish feldspar and clear/gray quartz). Found worldwide in mountain ranges and eroded shields.
