igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, white, gray, and black speckles
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: Varies by mineral constituent; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Most continental granite formed during the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras within the Earth's crust.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota, USA.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible crystals of quartz (clear/gray), feldspar (pink/white), and mica (black). Commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or rare colors.
