igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6–7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Mottled white, pink, gray, or black. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6–7 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled white, pink, gray, or black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
Identified More igneous →
Explore Granite in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Hardness: 6–7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Mottled white, pink, gray, or black. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals). Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface. This process allows for large mineral crystals to grow. They can date from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras, appearing in continental crust worldwide.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Due to its durability, it is a primary material for architecture and infrastructure.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the bulk of the Earth's continental crust. Famous peaks like Yosemite's El Capitan and Mount Rushmore are made entirely of granite. It is the hardest architectural stone used in building.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Found commonly in mountainous regions or where ancient shields are exposed. Collect by looking for weathered outcrops or riverbeds.
