igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically 'salt and pepper' (gray, white, pink, black); Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: none (irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically 'salt and pepper' (gray, white, pink, black)
- Luster
- vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically 'salt and pepper' (gray, white, pink, black); Luster: vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: none (irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (plutonic). It is primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological age varies greatly, but it is a major component of the continental crust.
Uses & applications
Major use in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, and curbing. Also used in monuments, sculptures, and as aggregate for road building.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. The iconic peaks of the Sierra Nevada mountains and Yosemite's Half Dome are composed almost entirely of granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'mosaic' of visible minerals. Search for it in mountain ranges or eroded volcanic areas. Collectors look for unique inclusions or high pink orthoclase content for aesthetic value.
