igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Intrusive Igneous Rock (Granite)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: 'Salt and pepper' (gray, white, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- 'Salt and pepper' (gray, white, and black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: 'Salt and pepper' (gray, white, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (visible coarse grains); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Can form in large masses called batholiths. Ages range from billions of years (Precambrian) to relatively recent mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Highly valued for durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the bulk of the Earth's continental crust. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yosemite's El Capitan are carved from massive granite formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify by looking for interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray), feldspar (white/pink), and mica or hornblende (black). It is commonly found in mountain ranges and eroded continental shields. Scratching with a steel knife should not leave a deep groove since it is harder than steel.
