igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-red to grey with black specks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pinkish-red to grey with black specks
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-red to grey with black specks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of cooling magma beneath the Earth's surface (plutonic). It can form over millions of years during orogenic (mountain-building) events across various geological eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones available.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture and lack of layering. Commonly found in mountainous regions or where ancient shields are exposed. Look for visible crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
