igneous
Granite
Phaneritic plutonic igneous rock (Alkali feldspar, Quartz, Plagioclase)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Mottled grey, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled grey, white, and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Mottled grey, white, and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a major component of the continental crust, primarily originating from the Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (tiles, countertops, paving), architectural monuments, and crushed stone for road base. Minor use in lapidary as polished river stones.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest and most common rocks on Earth. The name originates from the Latin 'granum', meaning a grain, in reference to its coarse-grained structure.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz and feldspar. Found globally in mountainous regions and riverbeds.
