igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained, visible crystals); Cleavage: absent in the rock itself, though component minerals like mica have perfect cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained, visible crystals); Cleavage: absent in the rock itself, though component minerals like mica have perfect cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). The large crystals indicate a cooling period of millions of years. It is a major component of continental crust across many geological ages, particularly the Precambrian.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. It is also a popular specimen for educational geology kits.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. The iconic peaks of Yosemite National Park and Mount Rushmore are carved from massive granite formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and large, interlocking crystals of different colors (grey/clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, and black mica). It is found globally in mountain ranges and continental shields.
