igneous
Granite
Granite (Mainly Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica/Amphibole)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-red, white, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained) granular; Cleavage: None (though feldspars show cleavage planes); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pinkish-red, white, and black mottled
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pinkish-red, white, and black mottled; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained) granular; Cleavage: None (though feldspars show cleavage planes); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granites date back to various Precambrian eras but can occur in any era of crustal thickening.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the continental crust. It is one of the hardest natural stones in the world and has been used by humans since Ancient Egypt for massive monuments like the pyramids.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' or multicomponent mineral grains. Look for translucent quartz, opaque feldspar (pink/white), and dark specks of mica or hornblende. Often found in mountainous regions or as river-worn pebbles.
