igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (Granite)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: None (fractures). Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black). Luster: Dull to vitreous. Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained). Cleavage: None (fractures). Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most granites are Precambrian to Cenozoic in age, found in continental crust and mountain belts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt-and-pepper' mineral grains (quartz, feldspar, and biotite). Commonly found in continental shields and mountain ranges. No special equipment needed; identifiable by eye.
