igneous
Granite
Granite (composed of Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, and Plagioclase)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystalline); Cleavage: None (grains have individual cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, salt-and-pepper, or white with dark flecks; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystalline); Cleavage: None (grains have individual cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). Most continental granite dates from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic eras, typically forming in continental arcs or orogenic belts.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.
Geological facts
Granite makes up much of the Earth's continental crust. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yosemite's Half Dome are composed entirely of granite.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its coarse, interlocking crystalline texture where individual minerals (clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, dark mica) are visible to the naked eye. Found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas.
