igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically light-colored (gray, white, pink); Luster: dull to vitreous; Structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained) featuring crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically light-colored (gray, white, pink)
- Luster
- dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically light-colored (gray, white, pink); Luster: dull to vitreous; Structure: phaneritic (coarse-grained) featuring crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. The specimen shown is part of the Sierra Nevada Batholith (Upper Falls, Yosemite), which dates primarily to the Cretaceous period (roughly 100 million years ago) and was exposed by glacial erosion.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments. It is also a primary material for outdoor climbing walls due to its durability and texture.
Geological facts
The granite monoliths in Yosemite, such as El Capitan and Half Dome, are some of the largest exposed granite bodies in the world. The rock's strength allows for the formation of massive vertical cliffs and waterfalls like Yosemite Falls.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance caused by light-colored quartz and feldspar mixed with dark minerals like biotite or hornblende. Commonly found in continental crust and mountain ranges. No collecting is permitted in National Parks.
