igneous
Granite
Granite
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: None (though minerals within it like mica or feldspar have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (pink, white, grey, black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained, visible crystals); Cleavage: None (though minerals within it like mica or feldspar have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive plutonic rock). Granite can be hundreds of millions to billions of years old, often forming the core of mountain ranges.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking granular texture where individual mineral grains (speckles) are clearly visible to the naked eye. Commonly found in mountainous regions or areas where ancient bedrock has been exposed by erosion. It is one of the most common rocks on the planet.
