igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Acidic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white/grey with black spots); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt-and-pepper (white/grey with black spots)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white/grey with black spots); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained phaneritic; Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Commonly dates from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic era, found in continental crust and mountain ranges.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Highly valued for durability and aesthetics in architectural design.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved out of a granite batholith. It is primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its interlocking 'salt-and-pepper' mineral grains and high hardness (it will scratch glass). Found globally in mountain cores. Collectors look for unique inclusions or pink/red orthoclase varieties.
