igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Grey, mottled white and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (medium-grained crystalline); Cleavage: Individual minerals have cleavage but rock breaks irregularly; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Grey, mottled white and black
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Grey, mottled white and black; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (medium-grained crystalline); Cleavage: Individual minerals have cleavage but rock breaks irregularly; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). It is a major component of the continental crust, with some deposits dating back billions of years to the Precambrian era.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and memorial monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world. It is so durable that it was used to build the Great Pyramid of Giza's King's Chamber and many ancient temples in India.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals. Common in mountain ranges and shields. Collectors should look for unique mineral inclusions like garnet or tourmaline within the matrix.
