igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (pink, white, gray, and black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock that cools over thousands of years, allowing large crystal growth. Commonly associated with continental crust and mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, curbing, and monuments. Also used as crushed stone for road base and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the continental crust. Half Dome in Yosemite National Park is a famous granite monolith. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones available.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/gray), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (black/shiny). Common in mountainous regions and shield areas. Collectors look for specific accessory minerals like garnets or unusual colors.
