igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pinkish-grey, white, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Pinkish-grey, white, and black
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pinkish-grey, white, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar grains; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling and crystallization of silica-rich magma deep underground (intrusive). They can range from Precambrian to Cenozoic era, found primarily in continental crust mountain belts.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and as a dimension stone for monuments and building facades.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yosemite's Half Dome are carved or formed from massive granite batholiths.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible crystals of quartz (clear), feldspar (pink/white), and mica (black flakes); found globally in shield areas and mountain ranges.
