Igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Variable (white, grey, pink with dark mottling); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained (phaneritic); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.65-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Variable (white, grey, pink with dark mottling)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Variable (white, grey, pink with dark mottling); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Coarse-grained (phaneritic); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific gravity: 2.65-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Most granite dates back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras, though it forms whenever continental crust undergoes melting.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments because of its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Its name comes from the Latin 'granum', meaning a grain, in reference to its coarse-grained structure. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its visible interlocking crystals of quartz (clear/grey), feldspar (white/pink), and mica (black/shiny). Extremely common in mountain ranges and continental shields. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or rare colors.
