Igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Cleavage: None (exhibits irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, white, gray, and black speckles
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black speckles; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained visible crystals); Cleavage: None (exhibits irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep underground (plutonic formation). It is a major component of continental crust, with varying geological ages ranging from Archean to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, floor tiles, paving stones), dimension stone for monuments, and crushed stone for road base or railway ballast.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large part of the Earth's continental crust. Yosemite National Park's famous Half Dome and El Capitan are massive granite monoliths carved by glacial activity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas. Collectors look for unique phenocrysts (large crystals) or rare colors.
