igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Intrusive Igneous Rock (Granite)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) with interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Cleavage: Indistinct in the rock but present in individual mineral grains. Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Mottled pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled pink, white, gray, and black. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) with interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Cleavage: Indistinct in the rock but present in individual mineral grains. Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow cooling and crystallization of silica-rich magma deep underground. Typical geological ages range from the Archean Eon to the Cenozoic, depending on the specific location. It is found in continental crust and mountain belts (plutons).
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, and paving stones. Large blocks are used for monuments, bridges, and building facades. It is also crushed into aggregate for road building and concrete.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. It makes up the core of most major mountain ranges. The famous El Capitan in Yosemite National Park is a massive granite monolith.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking, visible crystals and overall speckled appearance. It will not scratch with a copper penny or steel blade easily. Commonly found in mountainous regions or areas with exposed continental shields (e.g., Canada, Scandinavia, parts of the US).
