igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Grey, pink, white with black flecks; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Grey, pink, white with black flecks
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Grey, pink, white with black flecks; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained crystals); Cleavage: None (fractures); Specific Gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. High in silica and alkali metal oxides. It is a major component of the continental crust, primarily formed during Precambrian to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and memorial monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found at Earth's surface. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Commonly found in mountains and shield regions. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or rare colors.
