igneous
Granite
Granite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, or black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Minimal/irregular; Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, gray, white, or black
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, or black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Minimal/irregular; Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. This process occurs in continental crust over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, architectural facades, countertops, monuments, and as ornamental stone or gravel.
Geological facts
Granite is one of the hardest substances in the world. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota, USA.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and interlocking visible crystals. It is ubiquitous in continental mountain ranges and shield areas like the Canadian Shield or the Appalachians.
