igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6 to 7. Color: Pink, reddish, or tan with dark specs. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Granular/Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: Varies by mineral (feldspar has distinct cleavage). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
- Color
- Pink, reddish, or tan with dark specs
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6 to 7. Color: Pink, reddish, or tan with dark specs. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Granular/Phaneritic (visible crystals). Cleavage: Varies by mineral (feldspar has distinct cleavage). Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. It is a plutonic rock found in continental crust across all geological ages, though most commonly associated with Precambrian shields and mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, and monuments. It is also significant in the gravel and crushed stone industry for road-base material.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. It makes up the core of many mountain ranges like the Himalayas and the Rockies. It is exceptionally durable, which is why it has been used in ancient structures like the Egyptian Pyramids.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its interlocking visible crystals of pink-to-white feldspar, glassy quartz, and dark biotite or hornblende. It is found globally in batholiths and mountain cores. For collectors, it is a primary rock to learn intrusive textures.
